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Kali Linux

Kali Linux is a security-focused Linux distribution based on Debian. It's a rebranded

version of the famous Linux distribution known as BackTrack, which came with a huge

repository of open source hacking tools for network, wireless, and web application

penetration testing. Although Kali Linux contains most of the tools of BackTrack, the main

objective of Kali Linux was to make it portable to be installed on devices based on ARM

architectures, such as tablets and the Chromebook, which makes the tools easily available at

your disposal.

Using open source hacking tools comes with a major drawback—they contain a whole lot of

dependencies when installed on Linux, and they need to be installed in a predefined

sequence. Moreover, the authors of some tools have not released accurate documentation,

which makes our life difficult.

Kali Linux simplifies this process; it contains many tools preinstalled with all of the

dependencies, and it is in a ready-to-use condition so that you can pay more attention to an

actual attack and not on simply installing the tool. Updates for tools installed in Kali Linux

are released frequently, which helps you keep the tools up to date. A noncommercial toolkit

that has all of the major hacking tools preinstalled to test real-world networks and

applications is the dream of every ethical hacker, and the authors of Kali Linux made every

effort to make our lives easy, which lets us spend more time on finding actual flaws rather

than on building a toolkit.

Latest improvements in Kali Linux

At Black Hat USA 2015, Kali 2.0 was released with a new 4.0 kernel. It is based on Debian

Jessie, and it was codenamed as Kali Sana. The previous major release of Kali was version

1.0 with periodic updates released up to version 1.1. Cosmetic interface changes for better

accessibility and the addition of newer and more stable tools are a few of the changes in

Kali 2.0.

Some major improvements in Kali 2.0 are listed here:

Continuous rolling updates: 

In January 2016, the update cycle of Kali Linux was

improved with the shift to a rolling release, with a major upgrade in April 2017.

A rolling release distribution is one that is constantly updated so that users can be

given the latest updates and packages when they are available. Now users won't

have to wait for a major release to get bug fixes. In Kali 2.0, packages are

regularly pulled from the Debian testing distribution as they are released. This

helps keep the core OS of Kali updated.

Frequent tool updates:

Offensive Security, the organization that maintains the

Kali Linux distribution, has devised a different method to check for updated

tools. They now use a new upstream version checking the system that sends

periodic updates when newer versions of tools are released. With this method,

tools in Kali Linux are updated as soon as the developer releases them.

A revamped desktop environment: 

Kali Linux now supports a full GNOME 3

session. GNOME 3 is one of the most widely used desktop environments, and it

is a favorite for developers. The minimum RAM required for running a full

GNOME3 session is 768 MB. Although this is not an issue, considering the

hardware standards of computers today; if you have an older machine, you can

download the lighter version of Kali Linux that uses the Xfce desktop

environment with a smaller set of useful tools. Kali Linux also natively supports

other desktop environments such as KDE, MATE, E17, i3wm, and LXDE. Kali 2.0

comes with new wallpapers, a customizable sidebar, an improved menu layout,

and many more visual tweaks.

Support for various hardware platforms:

Kali Linux is now available for all

major releases of Google Chromebooks and Raspberry Pi. NetHunter, the

hacking distribution designed for mobile devices, which is built upon Kali Linux,

has been updated to Kali 2.0. The official VMware and VirtualBox images have

also been updated

Major tool changes: 

The Metasploit Community and Pro packages have been

removed from Kali 2.0. If you require these versions, you need to download it

directly from Rapid7's website (https://www.rapid7.com/). Now, only

Metasploit Framework—the open source version—comes with Kali Linux.