Type Here to Get Search Results !

What is website Cookies


 In HTTP communication, a cookie is a single piece of information with name, value, and

some behavior parameters stored by the server in the client's filesystem or web browser's

memory. Cookies are the de facto standard mechanism through which the session ID is

passed back and forth between the client and the web server. When using cookies, the

server assigns the client a unique ID by setting the Set-Cookie field in the HTTP response

header. When the client receives the header, it will store the value of the cookie; that is, the

session ID within a local file or the browser's memory, and it will associate it with the

website URL that sent it. When a user revisits the original website, the browser will send

the cookie value across, identifying the user.

Besides session tracking, cookies can also be used to store preferences information for the

end client, such as language and other configuration options that will persist among

sessions.

Cookie flow between server and client

Cookies are always set and controlled by the server. The web browser is only responsible

for sending them across to the server with every request. In the following diagram, you can

see that a GET request is made to the server, and the web application on the server chooses

to set some cookies to identify the user and the language selected by the user in previous

requests. In subsequent requests made by the client, the cookie becomes part of the request:


Persistent and nonpersistent cookies

Cookies are divided into two main categories. Persistent cookies are stored on the client

device's internal storage as text files. Since the cookie is stored on the hard drive, it would

survive a browser crash or persist through various sessions. Different browsers will store

persistent cookies differently. Internet Explorer, for example, saves cookies in text files

inside the user's folder, AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Cookie, while Google

Chrome uses a SQLite3 database also stored in the user's folder,

AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\cookies. A cookie, as

mentioned previously, can be used to pass sensitive information in the form of session ID,

preferences, and shopping data among other types. If it's stored on the hard drive, it cannot

be protected from modification by a malicious user.

To solve the security issues faced by persistent cookies, programmers came up with another

kind of cookie that is used more often today, known as a nonpersistent cookie, which is

stored in the memory of the web browser, leaves no traces on the hard drive, and is passed

between the web browser and server via the request and response header. A nonpersistent

cookie is only valid for a predefined time specified by the server.

Cookie parameters

In addition to the name and value of the cookie, there are several other parameters set by
the web server that defines the reach and availability of the cookie, as shown in the
following response header:
The following are details of some of the parameters:

Domain: 

This specifies the domain to which the cookie would be sent.

Path: 

To lock down the cookie further, the Path parameter can be specified. If the
domain specified is email.com and the path is set to /mail, the cookie would
only be sent to the pages inside email.com/mail.

HttpOnly: 

This is a parameter that is set to mitigate the risk posed by Cross-site
Scripting (XSS) attacks, as JavaScript won't be able to access the cookie.

Secure: 

If this is set, the cookie must only be sent over secure communication
channels, namely SSL and TLS.

Expires: 

The cookie will be stored until the time specified in this parameter.

Post a Comment

0 Comments
* Please Don't Spam Here. All the Comments are Reviewed by Admin.